P5+1

References

Images

European Union, P5+1, and Iranian officials

P5+1

international group

Written by

The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last updated

July 21, 2026

Quick Summary

European Union, P5+1, and Iranian officials — European Union, P5+1, and Iranian officials European Union, P5+1, and Iranian officials in Geneva, July 2015.

The P5+1 was a group of world powers that negotiated with Iran regarding its nuclear program. This group consisted of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council – China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States – along with Germany.1

The primary outcome of their negotiations was the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal. This 2015 agreement aimed to limit Iran's nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of international sanctions. Key provisions included restricting Iran's uranium enrichment and stockpiling, with monitoring by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).1

However, the U.S. withdrew from the JCPOA in 2018 under President Donald Trump, reimposing sanctions. Iran subsequently began to reduce its compliance with the agreement. Recent developments in 2025 and 2026 indicate renewed negotiations and ongoing tensions surrounding Iran's nuclear activities and regional military actions.12

Summary created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

2 Britannica Sources

Ask Britannica AI about this topic

Britannica doesn't have a full article on this topic, so we've curated a list of our relevant coverage.

Hassan Rouhani
Presidency and nuclear agreement
…Kingdom (known collectively as the P5+1). By the end of the month, an interim agreement had been reached that eased sanctions on Iran and placed a variety of restrictions on the nuclear program. A final agreement, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), was reached in July 2015…
Read More
…Kingdom (known collectively as the P5+1). By the end of the month, an interim agreement had been reached that eased sanctions on Iran and placed a variety of restrictions on the nuclear program. A final agreement, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), was reached in July 2015…
Read More

John Kerry
…agreement between Iran and the P5+1 (the United States and the other permanent members of the UN Security Council [China, France, Russia, and the United Kingdom], along with Germany), which placed limits on Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for the reduction of sanctions against the country. Kerry stepped down as…
Read More
…agreement between Iran and the P5+1 (the United States and the other permanent members of the UN Security Council [China, France, Russia, and the United Kingdom], along with Germany), which placed limits on Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for the reduction of sanctions against the country. Kerry stepped down as…
Read More

nuclear weapon
Iran
…world powers known as the P5+1 (the United States, China, Russia, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) reached a final agreement that placed limits on Iran’s nuclear program. It was agreed that Iran would greatly reduce its nuclear stockpile and give inspectors from the IAEA access to its nuclear facilities…
Read More
…world powers known as the P5+1 (the United States, China, Russia, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) reached a final agreement that placed limits on Iran’s nuclear program. It was agreed that Iran would greatly reduce its nuclear stockpile and give inspectors from the IAEA access to its nuclear facilities…
Read More

Oman
Transforming Oman in the 21st century
…powers known collectively as the P5+1 (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States plus Germany). As Qatar came under scrutiny in 2017 from its neighbours, who imposed a land blockade on the small peninsula, Oman allowed Qatar to bypass the blockade using its ports, and the two…
Read More
…powers known collectively as the P5+1 (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States plus Germany). As Qatar came under scrutiny in 2017 from its neighbours, who imposed a land blockade on the small peninsula, Oman allowed Qatar to bypass the blockade using its ports, and the two…
Read More