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Ottoman Turkish was the language of the Ottoman Empire from the 13th to the 18th century. It is the ancestor of modern Turkish and was written in the Arabic script. The language absorbed many Arabic and Persian words and grammatical forms. After the founding of the Turkish republic in 1923, the Arabic script was replaced by the Latin alphabet in 1928, and a movement to purify Turkish vocabulary of foreign elements led to the emergence of a new literary language. The earliest written records of Turkic languages date back to the 8th century in the form of Old Turkic inscriptions, which used the Kök Turki alphabet.123

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