On-Ogur

The On-Ogur, also known as the "Ten Arrows" or "Ten Tribes," was a federation of Magyar tribes that included three tribes of Turkic Khazars (the Kavars). This federation was driven from their homes on the upper Volga and Kama rivers southward onto the steppes, eventually settling on the lower Don River in the 9th century. They were known for their nomadic herding lifestyle and organized into hordes or tribes, each led by a hereditary chieftain.12

In 889, attacks by the Pechenegs forced the Magyars and their confederates westward, where they were living when invited by the Carolingian emperor Arnulf. They subsequently migrated across the Carpathian Mountains, likely in 895, and established themselves in the central plains. This migration led to the formation of Hungary as a distinct entity. The name "Hungarian" is derived from the Slavic pronunciation of the On-Ogur term.1234