On Khrushchev’s Phony Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World

Mao Zedong's "On Khrushchev's Phony Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World" is a critique of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's policies and ideology. Mao argued that Khrushchev's brand of communism was a deviation from true Marxism-Leninism, particularly in its approach to class struggle and international relations.12

Mao believed Khrushchev's "peaceful coexistence" with capitalist nations was a betrayal of revolutionary principles. He emphasized the importance of continuous revolution and class struggle, even within socialist societies, to prevent the emergence of a new bourgeoisie. Mao's ideology, known as Maoism, adapted Marxist theory to Chinese conditions, focusing on the revolutionary potential of the peasantry rather than solely the industrial proletariat. The work reflects the growing Sino-Soviet split and Mao's assertion of his distinct interpretation of communist ideology.3124