Old Ottoman language

Ottoman Turkish was the language of the Ottoman Empire from the 13th to the 20th century. It is a descendant of Old Anatolian Turkish and was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian words and grammar. Ottoman Turkish was written in the Arabic script.1

After the establishment of the Turkish republic in 1923, the language underwent significant reforms. The Arabic script was replaced with the Latin alphabet in 1928, and a movement began to purify the Turkish vocabulary of foreign elements. This led to the emergence of Modern Turkish, and the older form of the language soon became obsolete.1

The development of literature in Ottoman Turkey often followed Persian models, though the distinct structure of the Turkish language presented challenges. New Ottoman literature, influenced by European ideas, emerged during the Tanzimat reforms starting in 1839, focusing on modernization and often carrying nationalist messages.23