Nobel Prize: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
Additional Reading
Sociological studies of the prize, the impact on winners, and the criteria utilized to nominate and evaluate candidates are among the topics addressed in Harriet Zuckerman, Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States (1977, reissued 1996); Carl Gustaf Bernhard, Elisabeth Crawford, and Per Sörbom (eds.), Science, Technology, and Society in the Time of Alfred Nobel (1982), which includes useful information on the early history (to 1930) of the prizes in physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine; Kjell Espmark, The Nobel Prize in Literature: A Study of the Criteria Behind the Choices (1991; originally published in Swedish, 1986); Elisabeth Crawford, Nationalism and Internationalism in Science, 1880–1939: Four Studies of the Nobel Population (1992); and Denis Brian, Genius Talk: Conversations with Nobel Scientists and Other Luminaries (1995).
Les Prix Nobel (annual) prints the Nobel Prize lectures, often in the original language; volumes in the series Nobel Lectures, Including Presentation Speeches and Laureates’ Biographies, with separate sets of books for each of the prize categories, translates the lectures into English.
Tyler Wasson (ed.), Nobel Prize Winners (1987), and two additional volumes, Nobel Prize Winners, Supplement, 1987–1991, ed. by Paula McGuire (1992), and Nobel Prize Winners, Supplement, 1992–1996, ed. by Clifford Thompson (1997), arranged alphabetically by prizewinner; and Bernard S. Schlessinger and June H. Schlessinger, The Who’s Who of Nobel Prize Winners, 1901–1995, 3rd ed. (1996), arranged chronologically by prize category, give biographical and bibliographic information on winners in all the prize categories. Sharon Bertsch McGrayne, Nobel Prize Women in Science: Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries (1993), treats 14 women who either won the prize or were an important part of a prizewinning project. Additional biographical and bibliographic information on the laureates, by category, may be found in the following reference works: Frank N. Magill (ed.), The Nobel Prize Winners: Chemistry, 3 vol. (1990); Laylin K. James (ed.), Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901–1991 (1993); Bernard S. Katz (ed.), Nobel Laureates in Economic Sciences (1989); William Breit and Roger W. Spencer (eds.), Lives of the Laureates: Thirteen Nobel Economists, 3rd ed. (1995); Rado Pribic (ed.), Nobel Laureates in Literature (1990); Frank N. Magill (ed.), The Nobel Prize Winners: Literature, 3 vol. (1987); Tony Gray, Champions of Peace (1976); Irwin Abrams, The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates (1988); Frank N. Magill (ed.), The Nobel Prize Winners: Physiology or Medicine, 3 vol. (1991); Daniel M. Fox, Marcia Meldrum, and Ira Rezak (ed.), Nobel Laureates in Medicine or Physiology (1990); Robert L. Weber, Pioneers of Science: Nobel Prize Winners in Physics, 2nd ed. (1988); and Frank N. Magill (ed.), The Nobel Prize Winners: Physics, 3 vol. (1989).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
-
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Added 2026 Nobel Economics Prize winners. | Oct 12, 2026 | ||
| Added information on 2026 winners. | Oct 12, 2026 | ||
| Added the peace prize winner's information. | Oct 09, 2026 | ||
| Added information on the 2026 winner. | Oct 09, 2026 | ||
| Updated 2026 Nobel Prize for Literature. | Oct 08, 2026 | ||
| Cross references added. | Oct 08, 2026 | ||
| Added 2026 winner details. | Oct 08, 2026 | ||
| In the Nobel Prize winners by category (chemistry) table, added the 2026 winners. | Oct 07, 2026 | ||
| Added 2026 chemistry winner details. | Oct 07, 2026 | ||
| In the Nobel Prize winners by category (physics) table, added the 2026 winner. | Oct 06, 2026 | ||
| Added winner of the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics. | Oct 06, 2026 | ||
| Fixed a display issue with the footer and changed the formatting of the 2026 entry. | Oct 05, 2026 | ||
| Added 2026 physiology/medicine prize details. | Oct 05, 2026 | ||
| In the Nobel Prize winners for physiology or medicine table, added the 2026 winners. | Oct 05, 2026 | ||
| Cross-references added. | Sep 16, 2026 | ||
| Revised the Top Questions section. | Jan 28, 2026 | ||
| Top Questions added. | Jan 16, 2026 | ||
| Cross-references added. | Oct 14, 2025 | ||
| Added information on 2025 Economics Nobel winners. | Oct 13, 2025 | ||
| Added information on 2025 Economics Nobel winners. | Oct 13, 2025 | ||
| Added cross-references. | Oct 10, 2025 | ||
| Added the winner for 2025 Nobel Peace Prize. | Oct 10, 2025 | ||
| Added a cross-reference. | Oct 10, 2025 | ||
| Added the winner for 2025 Nobel Peace Prize. | Oct 10, 2025 | ||
| Updated for 2025 literature winner. | Oct 09, 2025 | ||
| Updated for 2025 winner. | Oct 09, 2025 | ||
| Added cross-references to biographies of the 2025 winners. | Oct 08, 2025 | ||
| Added information on 2025 Chemistry Nobel winners. | Oct 08, 2025 | ||
| Cross-references added to biographies for the 2025 winners. | Oct 08, 2025 | ||
| Added information on 2025 Chemistry Nobel winners. | Oct 08, 2025 | ||
| Updated with the 2025 winners. | Oct 07, 2025 | ||
| Added information on 2025 Physics Nobel winners. | Oct 07, 2025 | ||
| Added a Top Questions section. | Oct 01, 2025 | ||
| Media added. | Apr 04, 2024 | ||
| Modified link of Web site: Official Site of the Nobel Prize. | Mar 16, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Geographic - The Explosive Origins of the Nobel Prizes. | Jan 31, 2019 | ||
| Media added. | Oct 27, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Nobel Prize. | Dec 26, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Heritage History - Biography of Zebulon M. Pike. | Feb 04, 2013 | ||
| Deleted the tables that list the prize winners in alphabetical order. | Sep 25, 2012 | ||
| In The prizes section, deleted mention of the monetary award in 2005. | Jun 28, 2012 | ||
| In the section The selection process, added mention of Ralph M. Steinman in the discussion of posthumous awards. | Oct 05, 2011 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - People - How Does The Nobel Prize Work? | Dec 22, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jan 31, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Oct 24, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Science - How does the Nobel Prize work? | Sep 05, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Encylp�dia Britannica's Guide to Nobel Prize. | Apr 30, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Encylp�dia Britannica's Guide to Nobel Prize. | Apr 30, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Official Site of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Official Site of the Swedish Academy - Literature. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Official Site of the Swedish Academy - Literature. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Nobel Foundation - The Nobel Prizes. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Nobel Foundation - The Nobel Prizes. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Official Site of the Nobel Prize. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Official Site of the Nobel Prize. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Official Site of the Karolinska Institutet. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Official Site of the Karolinska Institutet. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Official Site of the Norwegian Nobel Institute for the Nobel Peace Prize. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Official Site of the Norwegian Nobel Institute for the Nobel Peace Prize. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Official Site of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. | Aug 29, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Jan 19, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 21, 2003 | ||
| Article revised. | Feb 16, 2000 | ||
| Article revised. | Jan 12, 2000 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Nov 05, 1999 |