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Niagara Movement
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Brown v. Board. L-R: George E.C. Hayes, Washington, D.C. lawyer, Thurgood Marshall, special counsel for the NAACP; and James Nabrit, Jr., Professor and Attorney at law at Howard University, pose outside Attorneys who argued the case against segregation stand together smiling in front of the U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. after the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka on May 17, 1954. In this case, the Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
How Well Do You Know Your African American History? Education, Politics, and Protest
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Date:
1905 - 1910
Areas Of Involvement:
African Americans
Civil rights
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W.E.B. Du Bois
W.E.B. Du Bois Civil rights leader W.E.B. Du Bois.

Niagara Movement

American civil rights organization
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History

Niagara Movement, (1905–10), organization of Black intellectuals that was led by W.E.B. Du Bois and called for full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans. This stance stood in notable contrast to the accommodation philosophy proposed by Booker T. Washington in the Atlanta Compromise of 1895. The Niagara Movement was the forerunner of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

In the summer of 1905, 29 prominent African Americans, including Du Bois, met secretly in Fort Erie, Ontario, near Niagara Falls, and drew up a manifesto calling for full civil liberties, abolition of racial discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood. Subsequent annual meetings were held in such symbolic locations as Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Boston’s Faneuil Hall.

Despite the establishment of 30 branches and the achievement of a few scattered civil rights victories at the local level, the group suffered from organizational weakness and lack of funds as well as a permanent headquarters or staff, and it never was able to attract mass support. After the Springfield (Illinois) Race Riot of 1908, however, white liberals joined with the nucleus of Niagara “militants” and founded the NAACP the following year. The Niagara Movement disbanded in 1910, with the leadership of Du Bois forming the main continuity between the two organizations.

Brown v. Board. L-R: George E.C. Hayes, Washington, D.C. lawyer, Thurgood Marshall, special counsel for the NAACP; and James Nabrit, Jr., Professor and Attorney at law at Howard University, pose outside Attorneys who argued the case against segregation stand together smiling in front of the U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. after the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka on May 17, 1954. In this case, the Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
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How Well Do You Know Your African American History? Education, Politics, and Protest
The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Michael Ray.