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In the Spanish Civil War, the Nationalists were a faction that revolted against the established Republican government. This military uprising began in July 1936 and was supported by conservative elements, including most Roman Catholics, parts of the military, landowners, and businessmen. The Nationalists were led by General Francisco Franco and received significant military aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Their primary opposition was the Republican side, which included urban workers, agricultural laborers, and the educated middle class, and received support from the Soviet Union and the International Brigades. The war was characterized by intense fighting and political polarization.123

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