Mexican Independence Day

Mexican Independence Day, celebrated on September 16, commemorates the start of the revolt against Spanish rule. On September 16, 1810, priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla initiated the uprising with his "Grito de Dolores" (Cry of Dolores), calling for revolution and social equality. Although Hidalgo's initial rebellion was suppressed and he was executed, his call for independence inspired others, including José María Morelos y Pavón, who continued the fight.123

True independence was achieved in 1821, not through further rebellion, but through a political shift. Conservatives, fearing the loss of their status under a new Spanish regime, allied with rebel leader Vicente Guerrero and military commander Agustín de Iturbide to declare Mexico a sovereign state. This led to a treaty with Spain, officially granting independence. The anniversary is celebrated with a reenactment of Hidalgo's cry by the Mexican president.132