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Africa is the second largest continent (after Asia), covering about one-fifth of the total land surface of Earth. It is also the second most populous continent (again, after Asia), and Africa’s 54 countries are home to 1.5 billion people. Madagascar is one of the largest islands in the world, and it is by far the most populous of Africa’s island countries. Although just 250 miles (400 km) separates the island from the African coast, Madagascar’s...