Mantatee

The upheaval affected the southern chiefdoms and rebellious tributaries attacked by Shaka as far away as Pondoland. Many of the refugees fled either into the eastern Cape or west onto the Highveld, although their precise number is a matter of dispute. In both areas…

…as those known as the Mantatees, were forced to become farmworkers, mainly in the eastern Cape. European farmers also raided for labor north of the Orange River.