Likert scale: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Likert scales are discussed in Robert B. Burns, Introduction to Research Methods, 4th ed. (2000); and Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion, and Keith Morrison, Research Methods in Education, 7th ed. (2011).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Susan Jamieson
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Use and Misuse of the Likert Item Responses and Other Ordinal Measures. Nov 01, 2026
Add new Web site: Boise State University - ScholarWorks - Evidence-Based Survey Design: The Use of a Midpoint on the Likert Scale (PDF). Jan 23, 2026
Add new Web site: CORE - Another Look at Likert Scales (PDF). Aug 23, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Calgary - Department of Computer Science - Likert Scales (PDF). May 16, 2025
Add new Web site: The University of Mississippi - eGrove - Another Look at Likert Scales (PDF). Jan 07, 2025
Add new Web site: Education Resources Information Center - Using Likert-Type Scales in the Social Sciences. Jul 26, 2024
Add new Web site: Verywell Mind - Using a Likert Scale in Psychology. Feb 23, 2024
Add new Web site: Frontiers - Frontiers in Psychology - How does item wording affect participants’ responses in Likert scale? Evidence from IRT analysis. Oct 31, 2023
Add new Web site: Academia - The Likert scale: Exploring The Unknown and Their Potential to Mislead The World (PDF). Jul 11, 2023
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Use and Misuse of the Likert Item Responses and Other Ordinal Measures. Sep 26, 2022
Add new Web site: Simply Psychology - Likert Scale. May 10, 2016
New bibliography added. Dec 16, 2013
New article added. Dec 16, 2013
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By: