Jewish religious year: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Roland De Vaux, Les Institutions de l’Ancien Testament, 2 vol. (1958–60; Eng. trans., Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions, 1961), summarizes the contemporary state of biblical scholarship regarding the origin and development of the Jewish calendar, sabbath, and festivals. Other relevant works include: Hayyim Schauss, The Jewish Festivals (1938; orig. pub. in Hebrew, 1933); Theodor H. Gaster, Festivals of the Jewish Year (1953), an anthropological, comparative, and often speculative approach to the sabbath and festivals; Shlomo Yosef Zevin, ha-Moʿadim ba-halakhah (1944), a modern classic (in Hebrew) treating talmudic and post-talmudic developments in the festival observances; and Menahem M. Kasher, Torah Shelemah, vol. 13 (1949), a comprehensive history of the Jewish calendar, also in Hebrew.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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Sid Z. Leiman
Professor of Jewish History and Literature; Chairman, Department of Judaic Studies, Brooklyn College, City University of New York.
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Added cross-references. | Sep 24, 2025 | ||
| Media added. | Sep 19, 2025 | ||
| Cleaned up style, added questions and answers, and added an additional quote about Shabbat. | Sep 12, 2025 | ||
| Modified link of Web site: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe - Religious Year. | Mar 07, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: JewishEncyclopedia.com - Calendar. | Jan 09, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Academia - The Islamic Jewish Calendar. | Nov 26, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: JewishEncyclopedia.com - History of Calendar. | Oct 17, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 09, 2024 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jan 14, 2021 | ||
| Removed table. | Aug 03, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe - Religious Year. | Nov 08, 2017 | ||
| Added new Web site: Jewish Virtual Library - Jewish Holidays & Festivals: The Jewish Calendar: An Overview. | Sep 29, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Akhlah: The Jewish Children's learning Network - Hebrew (Jewish) Calendar. | Jul 18, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Apr 04, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Catholic Encyclopedia - Jewish Calendar. | Jan 03, 2008 | ||
| Article revised. | Nov 17, 2000 | ||
| Article revised. | Oct 09, 1998 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |