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Istroromanian is a nearly extinct Romance language spoken in the Istrian peninsula, which is part of Croatia and Slovenia. It is typically classified as a dialect of Romanian, though some scholars consider it a distinct language. It is believed to have been brought to the Istrian Peninsula by Romanians seeking refuge from the Turks in the 16th and 17th centuries and has been significantly influenced by the Croatian language. With only about 300 native speakers in the early 21st century, Istroromanian is severely threatened with extinction.12

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