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Iroquoian peoples, any member of the Indigenous peoples of North America who speak a language of the Iroquoian family—notably the Cayuga, Cherokee, Wyandot, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora. The peoples who spoke Iroquoian languages occupied a continuous territory around Lakes Ontario, Huron, and Erie in present-day New York state and Pennsylvania (U.S.) and southern Ontario and Quebec (Canada). The larger group of Iroquoian peoples should be differentiated from the Five Nations (later Six Nations)...