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Indira Gandhi began the first of her four terms as prime minister of India (1966–77, 1980–84) two years after the death of her father, Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister. Renowned and feared for her political ruthlessness, she left behind a mixed legacy after her assassination in 1984. In addition to sanctioning a mass-sterilization campaign, Gandhi ruled by decree between 1975 and 1977, a time when the government suspended civil liberties, censored the press, and...