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India’s environmental timeline
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Tiger Chipko movement Thick toxic foam covers the surface of the Yamuna River below the Okhla Barrage in Delhi, India, with small boats on the water and a yellow and blue bridge in the background. Aerial view of a retail mall and residential apartments in Gurgaon, India, with thick smog obscuring the skyline due to severe air pollution. Activist Medha Patkar
A roaring tiger with its mouth open appears in front of rural homes, with bold blue text reading "Your new neighbor?" promoting wildlife conservation discussion.
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Tiger
Tiger Bengal tiger in Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh, India.

India’s environmental timeline

Written by
Aman Kumar
Aman Kumar is an editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Aman Kumar
Fact-checked by
Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....
Britannica Editors
Last updated
•History

Modern environmental legislation in India emerged during British colonial rule, as forests, wildlife, pollution, and resource use became matters of public policy and debate. Environmental governance evolved from a system centered on colonial control and resource extraction into more nuanced approaches to conservation and resource management after India’s independence from British rule. State policies, courts, scientists, local communities, and social movements shaped environmental protection, influencing laws, conservation programs, and public understanding of development and the...

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