Independence Day: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
The evolution and significance of Independence Day celebrations are explored in James R. Heintze, The Fourth of July Encyclopedia (2007); David Waldstreicher, In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776–1820 (1999); Len Travers, Celebrating the Fourth: Independence Day and the Rites of Nationalism in the Early Republic (1997); Paul Goetsch and Gerd Hurm, The Fourth of July: Political Oratory and Literary Reactions, 1776–1876 (1992); and Diana Karter Appelbaum, The Glorious Fourth: An American Holiday, an American History (1989).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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David L. Waldstreicher
Distinguished Professor of History, The Graduate Center, City University of New York.
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Add new Web site: Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History - The Invention of the Fourth of July. | Sep 18, 2026 | ||
| Changed “William Livingston” to “Robert R. Livingston.” | Jun 26, 2026 | ||
| Added media. | Jun 22, 2026 | ||
| Added cross-reference to List of Federal Holidays in the United States. | Jan 25, 2026 | ||
| Added a link. | Dec 29, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: BBC Newsround - How do Americans celebrate Independence Day? | Nov 08, 2025 | ||
| Revised the Top Questions section. | Jun 30, 2025 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | May 21, 2025 | ||
| Questions and answers added. | Mar 19, 2025 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 06, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Park Service - History of Independence Day. | Oct 22, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: American Heritage - Making Sense of the Fourth of July. | Jun 27, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Military.com - The History of the Fourth of July. | Dec 12, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Geographic Kids - Independence Day. | Jul 31, 2022 | ||
| Date of holiday added. | May 04, 2022 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 25, 2021 | ||
| Media added. | Sep 10, 2020 | ||
| Changed article title from “Fourth of July” to “Independence Day.” | Jul 07, 2020 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 30, 2020 | ||
| Added title variant | Jun 26, 2020 | ||
| Changed article title from “Independence Day” to “Fourth of July.” | Jun 23, 2020 | ||
| Add new Web site: Library of Congress - Today in History - July 4. | Oct 07, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: Harvard University - Harvard Extension School - The History of America�s Independence Day. | Oct 23, 2017 | ||
| Added a video of fireworks production, a photo of the Declaration of Independence, and a photo of a fireworks display. | Jun 26, 2017 | ||
| Cross-references added. | Jun 26, 2017 | ||
| Replaced "the king" with "King George III" and "Washington's" with "George Washington's" | Jun 26, 2017 | ||
| Bibliography revised and updated. | Jun 26, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: PBS LearningMedia - Independence Day. | Feb 19, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services - Independence Day. | Jul 10, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - A Capitol Fourth - The History of America's Independence Day. | Jul 10, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - American Independence Day. | Mar 11, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Maps of World - Independence Day - 4th of July. | Mar 11, 2014 | ||
| Added new Web site: History.com - Fourth of July (Independence Day). | Apr 21, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Adventure - Fourth of July Festivities. | Feb 13, 2009 | ||
| Article revised. | Jun 06, 2003 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |
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