I, Claudius

novel by Graves

Written and fact-checked by

Britannica Editors

I, Claudius, historical novel by Robert Graves set in 1st-century-ce Rome, published in 1934.

The book is written as an autobiographical memoir by the Roman emperor Claudius, who is a son of a Roman general, a nephew of the emperor Tiberius, and a great-nephew of the emperor Augustus. Physically weak, afflicted with stammering, and inclined to drool, Claudius is an embarrassment to his family and is shunted to the background of imperial affairs. The benefits of his seeming ineffectuality are twofold: he becomes a scholar and historian, fascinated with the intrigues of his contemporaries, and he is spared the worst cruelties inflicted on the imperial family by its own members during the reigns of Augustus, Tiberius, and Caligula.

Palace intrigues and murders—including those of Claudius’s father and brother and of Augustus’s sons and grandsons—surround him. The machinations result from his family members’ lust for power, from their fear of losing power, from their jealousies, and from the innate cruelty and depravity of the insane Caligula. Livia, wife of Augustus and mother of Tiberius, is an especially imposing figure among the story’s cast of complex characters. Claudius’s informal narration serves to emphasize the banality of the imperial family’s endless greed and lust. The story concludes with Claudius’s ascent to the imperial throne. A sequel, Claudius the God (1935), covers Claudius’s years as Roman emperor.

Portrait of young thinking bearded man student with stack of books on the table before bookshelves in the library

Britannica Quiz

Famous Novels, First Lines Quiz

This article was most recently revised and updated by Kathleen Kuiper.

I, Claudius

Thank you for signing up!