How is animism related to shamanism?

Animism and shamanism are closely related religious phenomena often found in conjunction within indigenous and tribal cultures.12

Animism is a belief system characterized by the view that the world is populated by a multitude of spirit-beings that can influence human affairs. Because these spirits are often perceived as independent, particularistic powers that may help or hinder human endeavors, societies frequently employ taboos and propitiatory rituals to maintain balance and avoid misfortune.123

Shamanism functions as a specialized practice within this animistic framework. When animistic rituals are insufficient to prevent trouble—such as when game becomes scarce or illness strikes—a shaman may be called upon. The shaman acts as a religious specialist who enters a trance or ecstatic state to communicate directly with the spirit world. Through this interaction, the shaman serves as a healer, diviner, or mediator, capable of identifying the spirits responsible for a community's problems and performing rituals to resolve them, sometimes even engaging in supernatural combat with malevolent forces.324