How does the Ramsar Convention protect wetlands?

The Ramsar Convention protects wetlands by establishing a global framework for their conservation and sustainable "wise use" as vital ecosystems and habitats for migratory waterbirds.12

Key mechanisms for protection include:

• Designation of Ramsar Sites: Member states are required to identify and designate wetlands of international importance based on their ecological, botanical, zoological, limnological, or hydrological significance.12
• International Cooperation: The treaty promotes research, academic exchange, and the training of personnel to manage and protect these areas.2
• Mitigation of Damage: While the convention does not strip nations of their sovereign power to modify or damage designated sites, it encourages members to offset any such impacts by creating other protected areas.2
• Governance and Review: A conference of the parties meets every three years to discuss obligations and new initiatives, supported by technical expertise from international organizations like the IUCN and World Wide Fund for Nature.2

Beyond bird habitats, the convention’s mission has evolved to emphasize the role of wetlands in climate change mitigation and carbon capture.2