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How do Islamic teachings describe the resurrection and judgment of the dead?

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Fresco The Last Judgment by Michelangelo covers the west wall of the Sistine Chapel, depicting Christ at the center surrounded by angels and human figures in dramatic poses. — eschatology The Second Coming as depicted in “The Last Judgment,” fresco by Michelangelo, 1536-41, on the west wall of the Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Vatican City.

In Islamic eschatology, the belief in the resurrection of the dead and the subsequent Last Judgment is a fundamental tenet of faith. Islamic teachings emphasize that God, in His omnipotence, will bring the world to an end, raise the dead, reunite them with their souls, and judge every individual according to their deeds.12

The Process of Judgment

While the Qur'an focuses primarily on individual accountability, it also references the judgment of communities. Before the final resurrection, many traditions describe a preliminary judgment in the grave (barzakh), where the deceased are questioned by the angels Munkar and Nakir regarding their faith.213

On the Day of Judgment (yaum al-Hisab), individuals are resurrected with physical bodies to face a final evaluation. This process often includes:13
* The Record of Deeds: A comprehensive account of an individual's life.1
* The Weighing of the Soul: A symbolic assessment of one's actions.1
* The Test-Bridge: A path that those who are righteous cross successfully, while sinners fall into the flames of hell.1

Ultimately, God, who is both just and merciful, determines the eternal fate of each person, committing them to paradise or hell based on their life choices.12