How do Afro-Asiatic verbs show person and gender?

In Afro-Asiatic languages, verbs indicate person, gender, and number primarily through the use of pronominal elements attached as prefixes or suffixes to the verb stem.1

Conjugation Patterns

• Prefixal Conjugation: Many Afro-Asiatic languages, such as Semitic, Amazigh, and some Cushitic languages, utilize an ancestral prefixal conjugation system. These prefixes are similar to pronouns used elsewhere in the language to mark the subject's person, gender, and number. For example, the third-person singular feminine is often marked with a ta- or ti- prefix, as seen in the Amazigh t-dawa ("she healed") or the Akkadian ta-prus ("she divided").21
• Suffixal Conjugation: This system, often associated with the "stative conjugation," uses suffixes to indicate the subject's person, number, and gender. This pattern is found in Egyptian, the Akkadian stative, and the West Semitic perfective. Suffixes for the third-person singular feminine, for instance, include -t in Amazigh, -tj in Egyptian, and -at in Semitic.21

While these systems are widespread, they have undergone significant changes across different subdivisions; for example, prefixal marking has been largely lost in Chadic and Omotic and is entirely absent in Egyptian.2