How did the 3rd dynasty of Ur contribute to the revival of Sumerian?

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During the 3rd dynasty of Ur (Ur III), the Sumerian language experienced a significant cultural and intellectual revival, even as its status as a spoken tongue began to diminish in favor of Akkadian. The dynasty contributed to this revival through several key efforts:1

  • Cultivation of Literature: Intellectual life flourished under Ur III, with a strong emphasis on both the transmission of older literary works and the creation of new genres, such as hymns dedicated to deified kings.1
  • Administrative and Legal Use: Sumerian remained the primary language for written administration and legal documentation. The period produced significant legal monuments, such as the Code of Ur-Nammu, which established a tradition of legal writing that persisted into the Old Babylonian period.123
  • Literary Sophistication: The royal correspondence of the era was maintained at a high literary level, reflecting the state's commitment to the language as a medium for governance and prestige.1

While the dynasty effectively utilized the Sumerian language to define its cultural identity, this "New Sumerian" period eventually concluded around 2000 BCE as Semitic-speaking peoples established new dynasties in the region.2