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Helladic civilization refers to the Bronze Age culture of the Greek mainland, flourishing from approximately 2500 to 1100 BCE. It is one of the three main Aegean civilizations, alongside Minoan on Crete and Cycladic on the islands.123

The Helladic culture developed with influences from Crete, particularly in its later stages, leading to the rise of Mycenaean civilization around the 16th century BCE. This period saw the development of towns and cities, advancements in metalworking with copper and bronze, and distinct pottery styles that help archaeologists define its different phases. The end of the Mycenaean civilization around 1100 BCE marked a transition into what is often termed a "Dark Age".2435

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