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The Hayabusa program consists of Japanese spacecraft designed to explore asteroids. The first Hayabusa mission studied the asteroid Itokawa and successfully returned dust samples to Earth in 2010. The second mission, Hayabusa2, reached the asteroid Ryugu in 2018 and brought back samples in 2020.

Hayabusa2 carried multiple rovers and a lander, and it collected samples by firing a projectile to create a crater and then gathering the exposed material. The spacecraft continues its journey, with planned flybys of other asteroids.12

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