Government of National Accord

The Government of National Accord (GNA) was established in December 2015 through a UN-brokered agreement to unify Libya's rival factions. Headed by a prime minister and a presidency council, the GNA aimed to consolidate authority across the country. However, it faced significant challenges, with the eastern House of Representatives refusing to endorse its appointments and some factions in the west resisting its authority.1

Efforts to amend the agreement and share power continued, with plans for elections proposed in 2018 but disrupted by political turmoil. International support was divided, with Russia backing the LNA and Turkey supporting the GNA. Despite a ceasefire and a summit in Berlin, fighting persisted. In May 2020, the GNA, with Turkish assistance, dislodged LNA forces from Tripoli.12

Subsequent negotiations led to a ceasefire and an agreement to share oil revenue. In early 2021, a transitional government was elected to unify institutions and hold elections, but plans for elections ultimately failed. This led to a political split, with the House of Representatives electing a new prime minister in February 2022, while the incumbent refused to step down before elections could be held.2