From what times of day do Muslims abstain from food and drink during Ramadan?

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims observe a fast known as ṣawm, which requires abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours. Specifically, the fast begins at dawn—often referred to as fajr—and continues until sunset, known as maghrib.123

The Qur'an specifies that eating and drinking are permissible until the "white thread of light becomes distinguishable from the dark thread of night at dawn". Before this time, many Muslims consume a pre-dawn meal called suḥūr, and they break their fast after sunset with an evening meal known as ifṭār. While these are the standard requirements, Islamic tradition provides exceptions for individuals such as the ill, travelers, and pregnant or nursing women, reflecting the principle that God intends ease rather than hardship for the faithful.32