French farthingale

The French farthingale, also known as the wheel or great farthingale, was a type of underskirt expanded by rigid hoops that increased in diameter from the waist to the hem. Introduced in Spain around 1545, it spread throughout Europe and was popular until about 1620. The French version was tilted upward in the back, often with a padded pillow called a "bum roll," to create the illusion of an elongated torso. These garments allowed for the display of rich fabrics and intricate decorations, and while they offered freedom of movement for dancing, their exaggerated forms could be cumbersome. The farthingale's influence can be seen in later styles like the 18th-century hooped skirts and the Victorian crinoline and bustle. The farthingale chair was developed to accommodate these wide skirts.12