First Republic

The First Republic of Portugal, spanning from 1910 to 1926, was a period marked by significant political instability. Following the overthrow of the monarchy, a new constitution was established, but the republic struggled with internal divisions, labor unrest, and public violence. Despite advancements in areas like education and health, the government was characterized by frequent changes and military interventions. Key tensions included excessive factionalism and a focus on personalities over public interest. Portugal's involvement in World War I further strained the nation, leading to heavy costs and economic hardship. The republic ultimately ended with a military coup in 1926, ushering in a long-lasting authoritarian regime.12