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Fiesta de San FermĂ­n
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Men in red and white running through street followed by bulls Running of the bulls People stand on balconies as people in white and red run through the streets with bulls. Crowd of runners in white clothing with red scarves run alongside bulls on a cobblestone street during the Running of the Bulls at the Fiesta de San Fermin in Pamplona, Spain.
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Festival of Saint FermĂ­n
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Men in red and white running through street followed by bulls
The encierro The running of the bulls, or encierro, takes place each morning from July 7, the second day of the Fiesta de San FermĂ­n, to July 14, the final day.

Fiesta de San FermĂ­n

festival, Pamplona, Spain
Also known as: Festival of Saint FermĂ­n
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Britannica Editors
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Top Questions

How long is the celebration of San FermĂ­n in Spain?

What happens at the San FermĂ­n Festival?

Why do people sing to San FermĂ­n at the festival?

What is the Fiesta de San FermĂ­n?

Fiesta de San Fermín, festival held annually in Pamplona, Spain, beginning at noon on July 6 and ending at midnight on July 14, honoring the city’s first bishop and patron saint, Saint Fermín. The fiesta is especially known for the running of the bulls (encierro).

Running of the bulls
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Running of the bullsDuring the Fiesta de San FermĂ­n, thousands of locals and tourists participate in the running of the bulls (encierro), Pamplona, Spain.
People stand on balconies as people in white and red run through the streets with bulls.
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Running of the bullsThe streets of Pamplona, Spain, grow crowded during the early morning running of the bulls, or encierro, which occurs for 8 days during the Fiesta de San FermĂ­n.

The festival was originally observed on Saint Fermín’s feast day, September 25, but in 1592 the celebration was moved to July to coincide with better weather and the town’s cattle markets. Pamplona’s modern fiesta starts with fireworks called chupinazo at noon on July 6, followed by the singing of the traditional song “Pamploneses, Viva San Fermín, Gora San Fermín” (“People of Pamplona, Long Live Saint Fermín”). The best-known part of the festival is the running of the bulls, or the encierro. After a homily imploring San Fermín’s protection is sung on July 7, bulls are run along a half-mile (876-meter) fenced-in route through the streets of the town to the bullring each morning of the festival. Typically several thousand people—both locals and tourists—participate in the event, made famous in Ernest Hemingway’s 1926 novel The Sun Also Rises. The bullfight, or corrida, is held every afternoon.

Did You Know?

While injuries are common during the running of the bulls, fatalities are rare. Since 1910, when record-keeping began, 15 people have died.

In addition to the secular events, the Procession of Saint Fermín—a religious celebration in which a figure of Saint Fermín is paraded through the streets of Pamplona by religious leaders, singers, and dancers—takes place the morning of July 7. Other events associated with the fiesta include the comparsa, a parade featuring large puppets carried by the marchers, as well as numerous parties and spontaneous gatherings organized by community groups outside of the official program created by City Hall. The festival ends on July 14 with the singing of “Pobre de Mi” (“Old Poor Me”), traditionally sung by candlelight to lament the closing of the celebration.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Virginia Hunt.