Ethics as First Philosophy

Emmanuel Lévinas, in his essay "Ethics as First Philosophy," critiques traditional metaphysics, arguing that it prioritizes theoretical knowledge and a desire for mastery over ethical considerations. He contends that Western philosophy, from Plato to Heidegger, has mistakenly placed ontology (the study of being) as "first philosophy." Lévinas believes this focus on theoretical reason leads to objectification and domination, a tendency he sees as contributing to historical crises like those of the 20th century.12

Instead, Lévinas proposes that ethics should be the primary philosophical discipline. He emphasizes the significance of the "face of the Other," which represents an infinite ethical obligation. This ethical imperative, he argues, should guide our understanding and actions, offering a corrective to the potentially destructive "will to domination" inherent in metaphysical pursuits.12