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The Efik language is a member of the Benue-Congo branch of Niger-Congo languages. It is spoken by the Efik people, who inhabit the lower Cross River in southeastern Nigeria. The Efik language is widely used as a lingua franca throughout the Cross River region and is closely related to the Ibibio language.1

Historically, the Efik people migrated down the Cross River in the 17th century and established settlements that later became known as Old Calabar. This area developed into a significant trading center, exporting slaves and later palm oil. The Efik language was first documented in 1849. In the 21st century, most Efik people identify as Christians, influenced by the early translation of the Bible into their language.12

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