Eastern Zhou dynasty

The Eastern Zhou dynasty, a period within the larger Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE), is divided into two phases: the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE) and the Warring States period (475–221 BCE). During this era, the Zhou king's authority waned, leading to a fragmentation of power among numerous vassal states that frequently engaged in conflict.1234

This period saw significant developments in Chinese culture and society. Philosophers like Confucius and Laozi emerged, laying the groundwork for major schools of thought such as Confucianism and Daoism. Innovations in agriculture, technology, and infrastructure, including the introduction of iron tools, ox-drawn plows, and improved communication systems, also characterized the Eastern Zhou. The period concluded with the Qin state conquering all others, establishing the Qin dynasty.13