De praedestinatione

De praedestinatione is a 9th-century work by Ratramnus, a theologian and monk at the Benedictine abbey of Corbie. The book addresses the doctrine of predestination, which in Christianity is the belief that God has eternally chosen those to be saved.12

Ratramnus's work opposed Archbishop Hincmar of Reims and defended the views of St. Augustine of Hippo. In De praedestinatione, Ratramnus rejected predestination to sin and upheld predestination to salvation. This doctrine posits that God determines who will be saved and who will be damned, a concept also associated with John Calvin and the Reformed tradition. Gottschalk of Orbais, another theologian, also taught on predestination, holding that Christ's salvation was limited to the elect, leading to his condemnation for heresy.1234