De diversis artibus

De diversis artibus, also known as Schedula diversarum artium, is a comprehensive medieval text written by Theophilus, a German monk and craftsman, likely between 1110 and 1140. This work is an exhaustive account of the techniques used in various crafts during the first half of the 12th century.1

Theophilus's writings cover a wide range of disciplines, including metalwork, wall painting, manuscript illumination, stained glass, and ivory carving. The text is divided into three books, offering insights into the mindset of a medieval craftsman who was also educated. Notably, De diversis artibus contains some of the earliest European references to paper and oil painting. Theophilus's interest in the practical application of skills aligns with the broader definition of art as a conscious creation of skill or imagination.123