Cooperative Test Service

The Cooperative Test Service was an organization that played a significant role in the development and administration of standardized educational tests in the United States. Formed in 1930, it collaborated with International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) to create a system for electronically scoring exams. This service provided standardized, objective achievement tests for both high school and college students, notably contributing to The Pennsylvania Study. The study aimed to shift the focus of academic progress from time spent in school to demonstrated knowledge, influencing college administrators' acceptance of standardized tests and reforming the admissions process. This initiative sought to identify talented students regardless of their background, promoting fairness and opportunity in college admissions.