Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War

The Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, adopted in 1949, is the fourth of the Geneva Conventions. It was created in response to the widespread mistreatment of civilians during World War II.12

This convention provides detailed rules for the protection of civilians in occupied territories. It ensures that protected persons receive humane treatment and that their personal dignity, family rights, religion, and customs are respected. Key prohibitions include the taking of hostages, reprisals, and the forced transfer of protected persons out of occupied territory. The convention also outlines the responsibilities of an occupying power, emphasizing the need to maintain order while respecting existing laws and ensuring the well-being of the civilian population.1