Constitution of 1978

Spanish history

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July 1, 2026

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The Spanish Constitution of 1978 marked a pivotal moment in Spain's transition to democracy after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975. This constitution established Spain as a constitutional monarchy, separating church and state and creating 17 autonomous communities. The transition was largely peaceful, guided by King Juan Carlos I and Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez González, who navigated the complexities of dismantling Francoist structures while establishing democratic institutions. The constitution was overwhelmingly approved by referendum in December 1978, ushering in an era of political pluralism and representative government.12

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…with 22 abstentions) in October 1978. In a December referendum, the draft constitution was then approved by nearly 90 percent of voters. The constitution declares that Spain is a constitutional monarchy and advocates the essential values of freedom, justice, equality, and political pluralism. It also provides for the separation of…
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…with 22 abstentions) in October 1978. In a December referendum, the draft constitution was then approved by nearly 90 percent of voters. The constitution declares that Spain is a constitutional monarchy and advocates the essential values of freedom, justice, equality, and political pluralism. It also provides for the separation of…
Read More