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Chinese Americans are people of Chinese descent living in the United States. They were among the earliest Asian immigrants, arriving in large numbers in the mid-19th century, primarily as laborers for the transcontinental railroad.12

Early Chinese immigrants faced significant racial discrimination and hostility. This culminated in discriminatory legislation like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which suspended Chinese immigration for a decade and set a precedent for future restrictions. Events like the Rock Springs Massacre in 1885, where 28 Chinese miners were killed, exemplify the violent anti-Chinese sentiment of the era.34

Despite facing prejudice and legal barriers, Chinese Americans have made significant contributions to society. Over time, anti-Asian prejudice has largely dissolved, and Chinese Americans, along with other Asian groups, have advanced and achieved success.12

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