Celtiberian
Quick Summary
The Celtiberians were a people inhabiting north-central Spain from the 3rd century BCE. They were a mix of Iberian and Celtic stock, residing in the hill country between the Tagus and Ebro rivers. Key tribes included the Arevaci, Belli, Titti, and Lusones. Their material culture was influenced by the Iberians, and they were known for their warlike nature, even inventing the two-edged Spanish sword adopted by the Romans.1
The Celtiberians first submitted to the Romans in 195 BCE but were fully conquered by 133 BCE after the destruction of their stronghold, Numantia. The Celts, as a broader group, were early Indo-European peoples who spread across Europe from the 2nd millennium BCE. Their culture evolved through distinct archaeological phases like Hallstatt and La Tène, and they eventually assimilated into or were conquered by the Roman Empire.12
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