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The Bertillon system was a method of criminal identification developed by Alphonse Bertillon in the late 19th century. It relied on detailed bodily measurements, physical descriptions, and mug shot photographs to create a unique profile of an individual. This system was widely adopted in France and other countries for identifying criminals, particularly to determine if an arrested suspect had a prior record. While largely superseded by fingerprinting, the Bertillon system provided a descriptive portrait valuable to investigators and was a significant early step in scientific criminal identification.123

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