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Battle of Kahlenberg
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Battle of Kahlenberg

Polish history
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The Battle of Kahlenberg, also known as the Siege of Vienna, occurred in July-September 1683. An Ottoman army, led by Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa, besieged Vienna. The city's defenders, under Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, were on the verge of defeat. However, a relief force of approximately 80,000 troops, led by Polish King John III Sobieski, arrived and attacked the Ottoman forces on September 12, 1683. This combined army achieved a decisive victory, forcing the Ottomans to retreat. The lifting of the siege marked a turning point, signaling the beginning of the end of Ottoman dominance in eastern Europe.123

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6 Britannica Sources
  1. Siege of Vienna
  2. decline of the Ottoman Empire - Military defeats and the emergence of the Eastern Question, 1683–1792
  3. John III Sobieski
  4. Ottoman Empire - Military defeats and the emergence of the Eastern Question , 1683–1792
  5. Battle of Zenta
  6. Battle of Grunwald

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