Asfar

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Mulla Sadra, a prominent 17th-century Iranian philosopher, authored Asfar (meaning "Journeys"). This seminal work encapsulates his philosophy, which synthesizes Neoplatonism, Gnosticism, and Islamic mysticism. Sadra's key ideas include the concept of "unity of being," suggesting all existence is a manifestation of absolute Being, and his doctrine of nature, positing that the entire corporeal world is in a constant state of flux and renewal, originating both eternally and temporally. He argued for the priority of existence over essence and viewed nature as the substance and power of all corporeal beings, driving their movement and constant self-perfection. Despite facing accusations of heresy from orthodox theologians, Sadra's teachings significantly influenced Islamic philosophy.12