wet process

The wet process of cement manufacture involves grinding raw materials with water to create a slurry. This slurry is then fed into a rotary kiln, which is a long, rotating, inclined steel cylinder lined with refractory materials. Inside the kiln, the slurry is heated to extremely high temperatures, between 1,350 and 1,550 °C (2,460 to 2,820 °F), by burning fuel such as pulverized coal, oil, or natural gas. This intense heat causes a chemical reaction that transforms the slurry into small nodules of clinker. After exiting the kiln, the clinker is cooled and then ground with gypsum to produce finished cement.12

It is important to note that cement production is a significant contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions. Efforts to mitigate this include improving energy efficiency, using renewable energy sources, and developing alternative cement formulations that require less clinker.12