water infrastructure in India

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The Sardar Sarovar Dam, a large concrete gravity dam with multiple spillway gates, spans the Narmada River in Gujarat, India, with water pooled at its base and hills in the background.

History and architecture of India's disappearing stepwells

A worker stands among lush tea plants while operating a sprinkler irrigation system, with streams of water spraying over the green Durga Bari tea garden in Tripura, India.

A man sits on cracked, dry earth beside a small pool of water in the mostly dried-up Varuna River in Phoolpur, India, during a severe drought.

$Infographic explaining water scarcity, showing that most of Earth's water is salt water and only a small fraction is accessible freshwater. It highlights types of scarcity, major cities at risk, key global risks, and challenges such as inefficient irrigation, water pollution, population growth, and climate change. Solutions listed include conserving water, restoring ecosystems, investing in infrastructure, and addressing global warming.$

water infrastructure in India: Media

engineering

Videos

History and architecture of India's disappearing stepwells

History and architecture of India's disappearing stepwells

Stepwells are spectacular subterranean edifices “like skyscrapers sunk into the earth,”...

Video: Written and photographed by Victoria S. Lautman; Produced and edited by Matthew Cunningham (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Images

The Sardar Sarovar Dam, a large concrete gravity dam with multiple spillway gates, spans the Narmada River in Gujarat, India, with water pooled at its base and hills in the background.

Multipurpose Dam

Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River, Gujarat, India.

© Bhavik Jagani/Dreamstime.com

A worker stands among lush tea plants while operating a sprinkler irrigation system, with streams of water spraying over the green Durga Bari tea garden in Tripura, India.

Sprinkler Irrigation

A worker operates a sprinkler irrigation system at a tea garden in Tripura.

© Abhisek Saha—Majority World/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

A man sits on cracked, dry earth beside a small pool of water in the mostly dried-up Varuna River in Phoolpur, India, during a severe drought.

Parched River Bed

A man rests on the parched bed of the Varuna River during an intense heatwave in...

© Ritesh Shukla—NurPhoto/Getty Images

$Infographic explaining water scarcity, showing that most of Earth's water is salt water and only a small fraction is accessible freshwater. It highlights types of scarcity, major cities at risk, key global risks, and challenges such as inefficient irrigation, water pollution, population growth, and climate change. Solutions listed include conserving water, restoring ecosystems, investing in infrastructure, and addressing global warming.$

Learn more about water scarcity

Infographic describing the causes and effects of water scarcity.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski