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A warship is a naval vessel maintained by armed forces for fighting on, under, or over the sea. Its primary functions are to achieve sea control and sea denial, protecting maritime commerce and preventing enemy use of the sea for transport or attacks.123

Historically, warships evolved from oar-propelled galleys to sailing ships. The development of the stern rudder and multiple masts in the 15th century allowed ships to sail more effectively, leading to larger vessels like the galleon. The introduction of gunpowder and cannons transformed warships into ships of the line, designed for broadside battles.453

In modern times, steam power, iron plating, and advanced weaponry like guided missiles have further shaped warship design. Today, major categories include aircraft carriers, gun/missile-armed vessels like cruisers and destroyers, and submarines.36

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