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virtual memory

computer science
Also known as: virtual storage

Quick Summary

Virtual memory is a computer memory management technique that allows a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from random-access memory (RAM) to disk storage. This technique creates the illusion that the computer has more RAM than it actually does, by using a portion of the hard drive as an extension of the computer's main memory.12

When a computer runs out of physical RAM, virtual memory automatically moves inactive data from RAM to a designated space on the hard disk, known as a swap file or paging file. This frees up RAM for active processes. When the data on the hard disk is needed again, it is copied back into RAM, and other data is moved to the disk. This process allows computers to run larger programs or more programs simultaneously than would be possible with physical RAM alone.2

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2 Britannica Sources
  1. virtual memory
  2. computer memory

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