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turbine
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Rows of white wind turbines with spinning blades stand on a dry, grassy landscape at a wind farm near Tehachapi, California. schematic of an impulse stage with velocity diagrams idealized 50 percent reaction stage for a steam turbine De Laval turbine Savonius rotor Vertical-axis wind turbine Wind turbines Diagram comparing turbofan and turboprop air-breathing engines. The turbofan shows air split between the compressor and bypassing the engine, while the turboprop shows hot gases driving a turbine that powers both the compressor and a propeller. Key components such as air intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, and exhaust are labeled, with arrows indicating airflow and hot gas movement. Diagram of the German A-4 (V-2) rocket from World War II, showing an exterior view above and a labeled cutaway below that highlights internal components such as the warhead, alcohol fuel tank, liquid oxygen tank, turbine and pump, combustion chamber, guidance and control devices, and control vanes. This diagram shows how a tidal power barrage generates electricity, with cross-sections of a structure containing sluice gates and a turbine placed between the ocean and a tidal basin. Water flows through the turbine as tides change, converting tidal energy into hydroelectric power. The upper image depicts high tide with water held in the tidal basin, while the lower image shows water flowing back through the turbine at low tide.
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turbine: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

General principles are considered in Aubrey F. Burstall, A History of Mechanical Engineering (1963); G.T. Csanady, Theory of Turbomachines (1964); and Calvin Victor Davis and Kenneth E. Sorensen (eds.), Handbook of Applied Hydraulics, 3rd ed. (1969, reprinted 1984). Discussions of steam and wind turbines are provided by W.G. Steltz and A.M. Donaldson (eds.), Aero-thermodynamics of steam turbines (1981); and Gary L. Johnson, Wind Energy Systems (1985).

Fred Landis

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Roland A. Budenholzer
    Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering; Emeritus Chairman, American Power Conference, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.
  • Fred Landis
    Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Dean, College of Engineering and Applied Science, 1974–83.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Corrected display issue. Aug 05, 2022
Add new Web site: Energy Education - Turbine. May 02, 2022
Add new Web site: Australian Renewable Energy Agency - Wind Energy. Jul 15, 2021
Add new Web site: Lule� University of Technology - Different Types of Turbine. Mar 27, 2017
Add new Web site: Idaho National Laboratory - Hydropower - A Summary of Environmentally Friendly Turbine Design Concepts. Jun 10, 2016
Add new Web site: National Power Training Institute - Turbine - Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine. Jun 10, 2016
Changed "the Crimea" to "Crimea." Apr 16, 2014
Status of Itaipú hydroelectric plant updated. Aug 26, 2010
Status of Itaipú hydroelectric plant updated. Aug 26, 2010
Media added. Aug 04, 2008
Media added. May 08, 2007
Article revised. May 29, 2002
Article revised. Sep 01, 1999
Article added to new online database. Jul 26, 1999
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