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Tubular steel is manufactured using two primary technologies: welding tubes from strip or producing seamless tubes from rounds or blooms.12

Welded Tubes:
* Electric-Resistance Welding (ERW): Strip metal is formed into a tube, and the longitudinal seam is welded using electric resistance. This method is used for tubes up to 500 mm in diameter.1
* Spiral Welding: For larger diameters, strip is formed into a spiral and continuously welded, often using arc welding. This can produce pipes up to 1.5 meters in diameter.1
* U-ing and O-ing: Heavy presses form plates into a U shape, then an O, with the seam welded by automatic arc welding. This is used for very large pipes.1

Seamless Tubes:
* These are made by piercing a solid round or bloom. Roll piercing involves cross-rolling a heated round to create a cavity, which is then formed into a tube by a piercer.2
* Push piercing uses heavy hydraulic pushers and rolls to form a bloom into a hollow round, with a piercer creating the inside diameter.2
* The pierced hollows are then further processed through mills to achieve specific dimensions and wall thicknesses, sometimes using a mandrel.2

Seamless tubing is often used for more demanding applications.3

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